500+ AQI is extremely hazardous and requires precautions. But saying it is the end of the World, overstates the risk. Predicting rapid and inevitable long-term damage for everyone blurs important details. Duration, pollution composition, and individual health matter. Extreme warnings can cause fear and inaction instead of good risk management.
With the right steps, short necessary outdoor trips and daily life are possible. You can use masks, indoor air filters, and plan activities carefully. History shows places can survive and even improve under extreme pollution.
London is a clear example. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, London had severe air pollution from burning coal. The Great Smog of 1952 was especially bad. It caused thousands of deaths and visibility dropped to a few meters.
How London survived
Daily life continued. Commerce, work, and culture went on even with dirty air and sooty buildings. Public health responses grew. Doctors linked smoke to illness. Early laws tried to reduce chimney smoke.
Technology changed. The city shifted from coal to cleaner fuels like gas and electricity over time. Policy changed after crisis. The 1952 smog led to the 1956 Clean Air Act. This law created smoke control areas and promoted cleaner fuels.
The city recovered. Air quality improved over decades. London kept growing as a global economic and cultural centre.
This example is useful because;
It shows large populations can function under chronic heavy pollution for long periods. It proves catastrophic events can trigger major policy and technology shifts for improvement. It demonstrates survival and future thriving are possible with society-wide action.
Important points
“Survived” does not mean “without harm.” Historical pollution caused higher death rates and more disease. Improvement needed active government action and cleaner technology, not just people adapting alone or escaping to cleaner environments.
The lesson is that severe pollution is survivable short-term but harmful. To thrive long-term, societies must cut emissions and protect the vulnerable.
A better bottom line
500+ AQI is hazardous and needs strong mitigation.
Harm is not instant or universal for everyone. Key factors are exposure time, particle type, your personal health, and how well you control exposure.
Replace alarm with action. Filter indoor air. Seal leaks. Use a well-fitted N95 mask outside. Avoid heavy exercise during peak pollution. Prioritize protection for children, elderly, and those with health conditions.
Yet, upon deeper reflection, I realized I had omitted two of the year’s most significant chapters. These were not about public ventures or global perspectives, but intimate, courageous acts of stewardship—concerning the resources I hold and the story I will leave behind.
1. The Initiation of Wealth Distribution: An Experiment in Present Joy
Inspired by two transformative books—The Cycle of the Gift by James E. Hughes and Die with Zero by Bill Perkins—I initiated a profound experiment: to begin distributing my wealth now, rather than bequeathing it later.
The rationale was simple, yet revolutionary: Money is most valuable when it can be actively enjoyed. A 40-year-old can ski the Alps or witness glacial melt in Antarctica with a vitality that a 70-year-old may not. I looked at my own age, my parents’ longevity, and realized my children would be approaching that threshold by the time a traditional inheritance might reach them. I felt I was already late.
After deep thought, I chose not to let assets sit idle in a future-tense will. Instead, I created trusts for my daughter, daughter-in-law, and wife. These are not mere funds; they are engines for meaningful living. Each month, they provide resources explicitly for experiences beyond routine expenses, with distributions designed to grow.
The purpose is crystallized in five pillars:
Experiences & Personal Growth: For travel, stargazing, culinary tours, and heritage walks.
Health & Well-being: For yoga retreats, mental wellness, and trekking adventures.
Skill Development: For learning everything from pottery to coding.
Relationships & Community: For strengthening bonds with family and friends.
Charity & Contribution: For supporting local artisans, animal shelters, and environmental causes.
The experiment is working. I am witnessing not a transfer of wealth, but a multiplication of present-moment richness. This is the “Profit” in my Nexus3P philosophy, applied intimately: enabling capability, joy, and growth today.
2. My Last Wishes & Living Will: The Unburdening
The second act was more inward, a confrontation with life’s only true certainty. A book titled “My Last Wishes” by Joy Meredith finally gave me the framework to plunge into what I had deferred for 15 years.
We plan vacations, weddings, and careers with fervour, yet often spend zero time planning the conclusion of our own story. This year, I changed that. I completed my Living Will and a detailed “Letter of Wishes.”
This was not a morbid task, but one of profound love and liberation. As an atheist, my wishes reflect a belief in a natural end, celebrated through memory and shared love rather than ritual. The document specifies everything from immediate arrangements and the disposition of my body to the treatment of digital assets and personal messages to my family.
It took a fortnight of intense reflection—the most difficult writing I’ve done in decades. But when I finished on December 18, 2025, a huge burden lifted. I have now, to the best of my ability, relieved my family of the agony of guessing during a time of grief. I have made my values clear, my practical desires known, and in doing so, I have gifted myself a rare peace.
These two acts—giving wealth life now and giving death clarity in advance—are, I see now, two sides of the same coin. Both are about sovereignty over time. One seeks to infuse the present with greater possibility for those I love. The other seeks to protect their future from unnecessary pain.
2025, therefore, became the year I actively engaged with both the giving and the letting go. It has left me not with a sense of closure, but with a deeper, quieter capacity to enjoy whatever time remains—whether fifty days or fifty years—unburdened and truly present.
What an exciting 2025. For me, it has been a year of profound transitions, not away from purpose, but deeper into its core.
The year began with two significant, heartfelt exits. After foundational chapters, I stepped back from Wingify and the Wingify Foundation. Gratitude will always define my time there. But it made space for a new beginning: the launch of the Nexus3P Foundation (People, Planet, Profit). This venture is built on a conviction that solidified this year: sustainable, scalable social impact cannot rely on charity alone. To truly serve People and the Planet, the projects—and the people running them—must have a model for Profit. It’s not a contradiction; it’s the engine for lasting change.
This work continues to refine my personal ‘theory of change.’ I’ve spent much of the year wrestling with a central question: what is the primary catalyst for societal transformation? Is it Technology? Public Policy? Behavioral nudges? My reading, especially of history, is pulling me towards a powerful, fundamental answer: Activism. The conscious, collective will of people to demand and build a better reality remains, I believe, the most potent change agent of all.
Perhaps that’s why reconnecting with over 50 long-lost classmates, 50 years on, felt so significant. The joy of ‘re-friending’ was immense. Sharing stories of the roaring 70s—a time teeming with its own activism, music, and idealism—wasn’t just nostalgia. It was a reminder of shared roots and the long arcs of our lives.
This theme of shared humanity was underscored by my travels. Having journeyed across continents, a simple, powerful truth has crystallized for me: What is true for a person in Ushuaia or Svalbard is true for someone in Jalandhar. Our skin, clothes, languages, and cuisines differ wonderfully. But our hopes, fears, joys, and struggles are universal. (Well, perhaps except for the practicalities of post-defecation hygiene—a humbling reminder of our varied adaptations!).
To make sense of this journey, I’ve started writing my autobiography. It’s a snapshot, really—the 70s through the lens of a middle-class university student. It was an era where existentialism sat beside Dostoevsky, the Vietnam War fueled campus debates alongside Naxalism, and the idealism in the air was scored by a dizzying soundtrack: Paul McCartney, John Lennon, Hotel California, ‘Love to Love You Baby,’ Glen Campbell. It was shaped by Buckminster Fuller’s visions, Alvin Toffler’s futures and shocks, and the articles in JS. Thank you Desmond Doig and Jug Suraiya for minting such a fabulous youth magazine. And how can I forget the soulful voice of Kuldeep Manak, a friend as well connecting me to my rural roots.
2025 was also the year I consciously let books reshape how I see the world. Not by chance—by choice. During the last two months, on Audible, I dove into a fascinating mix that challenged me in completely different ways:
📖 “1929” by Andrew Ross Sorkin — A deep dive into the crash that changed everything. What struck me most wasn’t just the financial collapse, but how human psychology repeats itself. The warning signs were there. We just didn’t want to see them.
📖 “Outlive” by Peter Attia & Bill Gifford — This one reframed my entire relationship with health and longevity. It’s not about living longer for the sake of it—it’s about living better, with clarity and purpose in those extra years. The science is fascinating, but the philosophy is what stayed with me.
📖 “My Experiments with Truth” by Mohandas K. Gandhi — Reading Gandhi’s autobiography in 2025 felt surprisingly timely. His honesty about failures, his commitment to principles over popularity—it’s a reminder that movements are built by people who are willing to be imperfect and persist anyway.
📖 “Altruism” by Matthieu Ricard — A profound exploration of what it means to care for others. Ricard makes the case that altruism isn’t just moral—it’s scientifically tied to our own wellbeing. A beautiful blend of neuroscience and philosophy that resonates deeply with the Nexus3P mission.
📖 “India” by Patrick French — A complex, honest portrait of a nation that defies simple narratives. It’s messy, vibrant, contradictory—and utterly compelling.
What I learned from this mosaic is that the best ideas connect. Finance and philosophy. Health and history. Longevity and ethics. They all weave together into a richer understanding.
And finally, this year of looking back, reaching out, and listening deeply ended with the purest forward-looking joy. I discovered the unbridled kid within me still alive and well, closing the last day of 2025 with my grandson, watching dolphins dance in a show at Phuket. It is 10 pm. Getting back to my cruise ship.
How nonsensical is the notion of keeping time.
As an Indian on a Singaporean cruise liner anchored in Thai waters, I’ll be closing 2025 at three different times. When Singapore cruise celebrates end of 2025 at 12 tonight, it’ll be 11 pm in Phuket and 10 pm in Delhi at same time for a same person which is me.
So, 2025, thank you. For the lessons in letting go, the courage to begin anew, the wisdom in reconnection, and the timeless truth that change starts within, radiates through our closest circles, and ultimately, is about protecting the wonder in a child’s eyes for the world they will inherit.
In the dusty corridors of a government school in a small mofussil town in Punjab, thirteen-year-old Simran sits in her 7th grade mathematics class, her hands trembling as the teacher writes algebraic equations on the blackboard. The numbers and symbols blur before her eyes, and a familiar knot of anxiety tightens in her stomach. She is not alone. Around her, dozens of other girls share the same silent terror—a deep-seated fear of mathematics that threatens to dim their dreams before they even fully form.
This fear is not born in isolation. It is cultivated by years of traditional teaching methods that prioritize rote memorization over conceptual understanding, by overcrowded classrooms where individual attention is a luxury, and by societal expectations that subtly whisper that mathematics is not for girls. In rural Punjab, where patriarchal attitudes still run deep, the invisible barriers facing girls like Simran are compounded by practical challenges: inadequate infrastructure, shortage of qualified teachers, and limited access to supplementary learning resources that their urban counterparts take for granted.
Yet mathematics is not merely another subject to be endured and forgotten. It is the gateway to India’s most promising career paths—engineering, medicine, data science, artificial intelligence, and financial services. As India surges forward as a global technology hub, mathematical literacy has become the passport to economic independence and social mobility. For girls in mofussil towns, mastering mathematics is not just about solving equations; it is about rewriting the script of their lives.
This is where artificial intelligence enters as a transformative force—not as a replacement for teachers, but as a powerful ally that can democratize quality education. An AI-based learning tool specifically designed for mathematics can address the unique challenges that girls like Simran face in ways that traditional classroom instruction simply cannot.
First and foremost, AI eliminates the fear of judgment. In a classroom setting, girls often hesitate to ask questions, fearful of appearing slow or incapable in front of peers and teachers. This silence is particularly acute in communities where girls are already battling stereotypes about their mathematical abilities. An AI learning companion creates a safe, private space where mistakes are not sources of shame but stepping stones to understanding. Simran can ask the same question ten times, approach a problem from different angles, and learn at her own pace without worrying about disappointing anyone or confirming negative stereotypes.
The personalization that AI offers is revolutionary for students in government schools where a single teacher may be responsible for sixty or more students. An AI system can assess Simran’s current understanding, identify specific gaps in her foundational knowledge, and create a customized learning path that addresses her unique needs. If she struggles with fractions, the AI doesn’t simply move forward with the curriculum—it adapts, offering multiple explanations, visual representations, and practice problems until the concept clicks. This individualized attention, previously available only to privileged students with private tutors, becomes accessible to every girl with a smartphone or tablet.
Moreover, AI-based tools can make mathematics come alive through interactive visualizations and real-world applications. Instead of abstract symbols on a blackboard, Simran can see geometric principles in the architecture of the Golden Temple, understand percentages through scenarios of crop yields and market prices relevant to her community, and grasp algebraic thinking through puzzles and games that feel less like homework and more like play. This contextual learning bridges the gap between classroom theory and lived experience, making mathematics meaningful rather than mysterious.
The multilingual capabilities of AI tools are particularly crucial in Punjab, where many students think in Punjabi but are taught in English or Hindi. An AI tutor can seamlessly switch between languages, explaining complex concepts in Simran’s mother tongue while gradually building her comfort with mathematical terminology in other languages. This linguistic flexibility removes yet another barrier that has historically made mathematics feel foreign and inaccessible.
Beyond academics, an AI learning tool can serve as a constant source of encouragement and positive reinforcement. The system can celebrate small victories, track progress over time, and remind Simran of how far she has come—building not just mathematical competence but mathematical confidence. For girls who have internalized negative messages about their abilities, this consistent, data-driven affirmation can be transformative. The AI becomes an advocate that says, “You can do this,” backed by evidence of actual improvement.
The impact of conquering mathematical fear extends far beyond solving equations. When Simran masters a difficult concept, she doesn’t just learn mathematics—she learns that challenges can be overcome through persistence, that her intelligence is not fixed but can grow, and that she is capable of achieving goals that once seemed impossible. These metacognitive skills—resilience, problem-solving, analytical thinking—are the real treasures of mathematical education, and they transfer to every aspect of life.
As India’s economy continues its digital transformation, the girls who understand mathematics will be the ones who shape the future rather than merely observe it. They will be the software developers creating the next generation of applications, the data analysts informing policy decisions, the entrepreneurs building startups, the researchers solving climate challenges, and the leaders driving innovation. For girls in mofussil towns, an AI learning tool is not just about better grades—it is about accessing opportunities that can lift entire families out of economic insecurity.
The timing is critical. Seventh grade represents a pivotal moment when mathematical concepts become more abstract and many students, particularly girls, begin to disengage. Intervention at this stage can prevent a downward spiral of confusion, anxiety, and eventual abandonment of STEM aspirations. By providing support precisely when it is most needed, AI tools can keep doors open that might otherwise slam shut.
Furthermore, as these girls develop mathematical proficiency and confidence, they become role models for younger siblings and peers, creating a ripple effect throughout their communities. They challenge stereotypes simply by existing as living proof that girls from small towns can excel in mathematics. They become the evidence that inspires the next generation.
In the quiet determination of girls like Simran lies immense potential—potential that has been constrained by inadequate resources, social prejudices, and educational systems not designed to nurture their talents. An AI-based mathematics learning tool is not a silver bullet, but it is a powerful equalizer that can provide personalized, patient, judgment-free instruction to every girl who needs it. It can transform mathematics from a source of fear into a source of power, from a barrier into a bridge.
As Simran sits in that classroom, she deserves more than traditional methods that have failed countless girls before her. She deserves tools that recognize her potential, address her specific needs, and support her journey toward mastery. She deserves the chance to discover that she is not bad at mathematics—she simply hasn’t yet found the right way to learn it. And when she does, when that moment of understanding finally arrives and fear gives way to confidence, she won’t just be solving equations. She’ll be solving the equation of her own future, one where she is the author of her own story, empowered by knowledge that no one can take away.
The question is not whether girls in rural Punjab can excel in mathematics. The question is whether we will provide them the tools to prove what they have always been capable of achieving.
If you’re trying to make a dent in the universe—whether in your company, your industry, or society at large—it’s easy to feel overwhelmed. Where do you even begin? History provides a blueprint. Through my own reading and observation, I’ve found that meaningful, lasting change is almost always driven by the interplay of four powerful catalysts: Technology, Policy, Activism, and Capital.
None operates in a vacuum. The most transformative shifts occur when these forces align, creating a powerful synergy that reshapes our world. Let’s break them down with real-world examples.
1. Technology: The Spark of Possibility
Technology is the great enabler. It creates new tools, dissolves old barriers, and opens doors we didn’t even know existed.
Example: The Internet (ARPANET/TCP/IP). It provided the foundational how, making global, instantaneous communication possible. But it started as a niche tool.
Its role: To provide the means—the solution to a problem previously thought unsolvable.
2. Policy: The Framework for Scale
Technology alone isn’t enough. Policy builds the guardrails and highways that allow innovation to scale safely and equitably.
Example: The Commercialization of the Internet (1991). The U.S. government’s policy to open the internet for commercial use created the rules of the road. This was followed by critical policies like Section 230, which shaped the modern web.
Its role: To provide the rules—creating stability, incentives, and structures for widespread adoption.
3. Activism: The Catalyst of Conscience
Activism is the moral compass and the urgent voice. It identifies injustice, raises awareness, and creates the public demand that forces the system to respond.
Example: The Climate Movement. For decades, activism from groups like Greenpeace and individuals like Greta Thunberg has kept relentless pressure on institutions, making climate action a global priority and creating the imperative for change.
Its role: To provide the why—articulating the need for change and applying relentless pressure.
4. Capital: The Fuel for Execution
Ideas and imperatives need resources to become reality. Capital provides the fuel to build, scale, and sustain change.
Example: The Renewable Energy Boom. Breakthroughs in solar tech (Technology) and government subsidies (Policy) became attractive. Venture Capital and Impact Investing then poured billions ($~300B in global investments in 2022) into companies like NextEra Energy, providing the fuel to scale manufacturing and deployment.
Its role: To provide the resources—funding the journey from prototype to planet-wide impact.
The Magic is in the Interaction: The Electric Vehicle (EV) Case Study
Watch these four forces work together right now in the EV revolution:
Technology: Advances in battery chemistry (lithium-ion) and software made EVs viable (Tesla).
Activism: Growing public concern over emissions pushed automakers to find cleaner alternatives.
Policy: Government mandates (EU combustion engine ban), tax credits (US Inflation Reduction Act), and emissions standards created a massive market incentive.
Capital: Billions in VC funding for startups (Rivian), corporate R&D budgets (Ford, GM), and public market investment provided the capital to scale.
None of these catalysts could have done it alone.
How You Can Use This Framework
As a Lens: Analyze any major shift—the adoption of AI, the future of work—through these four lenses. You’ll understand it on a deeper level.
As a Strategy: If you’re leading change, ask yourself: “Which lever am I pulling? And which do I need to partner with?” A tech founder might need to engage with policymakers. An activist might need to make a business case to attract capital.
True progress isn’t a solo mission. It’s a complex dance between invention, governance, conscience, and investment. By understanding these four engines, we can stop working in silos and start building more powerful, intentional, and lasting change.
What do you think? Are there other catalysts you would add to this framework? I’d love to hear your thoughts and other examples in the comments
